Improvised Poetry & Song in the Basque Country

IMPROVISED POETRY & SONG IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY

History and development

Competitions and championships
Masters of improvisation
Becoming a bertsulari
Basque Country Improvisation Championship 2009

Partners :

Aquitaine BNSA
EJGV

Origins

We know very little about the exact history of improvisation before the 19th century.

The author and editor Antonio Zavala, a specialist in this matter, humbly admits: "We do not know about this subject before 1801"

The writer Joxe Azurmendi replies to this by saying: "Yes, nothing is clear: not through a lack of material, but because no-one has cast any light on it".

The author of "A History of Basque Literature" and member of the Basque Academy, Luis Michelena, tells us that "the tradition (of improvisers) is ancient and goes back at least as far as the improvising ladies of the 15th century" mentioned by Garibay. But, as Joxe Azurmendi suggests, it is possible that from the 14th century a certain form of improvisation was present in the Basque Country since there are songs which evoke wars, family quarrels and also the death of a Chief, victory over an enemy, etc.

Gorostiaga says that "Improvisation dates back to the Arab period (888)", a theory supported by the researchers C. Etxegarai, P. Urkizu and J.A. Arana-Martija.

The year 888 seems a long time ago, but it would be interesting to analyse the cultural and literary relations between Arabs and Basques.

On the other hand, the Catholic faith which only became established in the Basque Country late on, undoubtedly influenced our future bertsularis through its hymns, just like the troubadours and jongleurs.

 

EUSKAL KULTUR ERAKUNDEA - INSTITUT CULTUREL BASQUE

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The guides

You will be accompanied throughout this site by improvisers. During your visit: click on their photos to discover what they have to say.